A Syntactic Method for Proving Observational Equivalences Martin Odersky Research Report YALEU/DCS/RR-964 Department of Compter Science, Yale University May 1993 We present a syntactic method for proving observational equivalences in reduction systems. The method is based on establishing a weak diamond property for critical pairs. It has been used successfully in proofs on the observational equivalence theories of $\lambda_{var}$ and $\lambda\nu$.